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壹 限電將會(huì)導(dǎo)致中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速下降
中國(guó)的限電將會(huì)導(dǎo)致3、4季度經(jīng)濟(jì)增速明顯回落。摩根士丹利發(fā)表報(bào)告表示,若中國(guó)持續(xù)因限電帶來限產(chǎn),將令第四季GDP增長(zhǎng)減少1個(gè)百分點(diǎn),中央或需要作政策微調(diào)和更有系統(tǒng)地減排。該行預(yù)計(jì),減排將令9至12月的粗鋼產(chǎn)量按年減少9%,同時(shí)令7%的鋁產(chǎn)能停頓,全國(guó)29%的水泥生產(chǎn)受到影響,預(yù)計(jì)紙和玻璃將會(huì)是接下來兩個(gè)生產(chǎn)受到影響的行業(yè)。對(duì)基建項(xiàng)目的阻礙,將削弱第四季的逆周期寬松措施的效用。
貳 為了碳減排
在9月至少有5個(gè)省實(shí)施限電,令生產(chǎn)突然停頓,主要原因是中國(guó)減少碳排放的倡議,不過適逢疫情后出口帶動(dòng)工業(yè)擴(kuò)張,大部分省份達(dá)成減排目標(biāo)的進(jìn)度落后,因而采用運(yùn)動(dòng)式減碳,以達(dá)到減排目標(biāo)。該行說,對(duì)煤開采限制及水力發(fā)電不足,也導(dǎo)致供電不足。國(guó)內(nèi)的一些研究機(jī)構(gòu)也預(yù)計(jì)中國(guó)3季度經(jīng)濟(jì)增速有可能回落到5%以下,而4季度由于面臨去年的高基數(shù)很可能會(huì)回落到4%左右。
叁 美國(guó)債務(wù)上限
與此同時(shí),美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)也面臨下行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速在3季度可能到達(dá)環(huán)比高點(diǎn)之后將會(huì)下行。但是,兩黨在債務(wù)上限問題上如果無法順利達(dá)成協(xié)議,則美國(guó)政府有可能會(huì)面臨關(guān)門的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。2013年,美國(guó)政府因債務(wù)上限問題導(dǎo)致關(guān)門造成80萬政府雇員臨時(shí)失業(yè)。這對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)也將會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。美國(guó)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)耶倫周二警告議員們必需在10月18日前提高債務(wù)上限,否則美國(guó)將會(huì)面臨危機(jī)。
肆 美債利率上漲
A股和港股上漲。A股周期股基本企穩(wěn),而消費(fèi)板塊在周一大漲后回調(diào)。港股科技股漲勢(shì)如虹,有媒體報(bào)道海外機(jī)構(gòu)過去三個(gè)月都在抄底科技股。美國(guó)10年期國(guó)債收益率上漲到1.567%,達(dá)到7月以來的新高。美元指數(shù)也上漲到去年11月以來的高點(diǎn)。受美債收益率上行影響,美股全線下跌,科技股領(lǐng)跌。從2013年的縮減債券購(gòu)買看,國(guó)債收益率通常在美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)明示要進(jìn)行債券購(gòu)買計(jì)劃后會(huì)上漲,通常漲到開始實(shí)施的時(shí)候。據(jù)此,國(guó)債收益率有可能會(huì)持續(xù)上漲到今年年底。高估值的股票恐面臨估值回調(diào)的壓力。
伍 幅度可能有限
但國(guó)債收益率上漲幅度可能是有限的。我們?cè)?/font>《美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)能退出寬松貨幣政策嗎?》中曾經(jīng)分析過,因美國(guó)巨額債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān),國(guó)債收益率上行最大不會(huì)超過2%。另外,美股調(diào)整對(duì)A股和港股的沖擊也應(yīng)該是可控的,原因就是A股估值不高,港股的估值在歷史的低位。年初至今A股和港股都沒有跟隨美股大幅上漲,港股反而是大幅回落。具體可參見美股如調(diào)整對(duì)A股影響有多大?
I. China's economy might slow down more than expected in 2H2021
China’s economic growth might face some head wind in 3Q and 4Q this year due to power shortage. Morgan Stanley pointed out in a recent report that production cut due to power shortage could cost 1 percentage point of GDP growth rate in 4Q this year. It is necessary for governments to adjust policies or cut carbon emission in a more systematic way.
II. Due to carbon emission
Morgan Stanley estimated that from September to December due to the efforts to cut carbon emission raw steel production volume would fall 9% year-on-year. 7% aluminum production capacity would become idle and 29% of cement production capacity would be affected negatively. Paper and glass production would be affected very soon. Morgan Stanley believed that the infrastructure investment, which is taken as an anti-cycle tool when economy is going down, would not go smoothly due to the shortage of raw materials and power. In September there were at least five provinces that limited power supply. The reason is that China has implemented energy consumption quota. Yet due to the booming export demand some provinces have been lagging far behind the required energy consumption quota. With the year-end in sight they had to cut power supply to satisfy the requirement. Some analysts in China also pointed out that China’s economic growth in 3Q might fall below 5% and 4Q might be around 4%.
III. Debt ceiling
At the same time the US economy would reach its peak levels in 3Q this year and slow down from 4Q. Moreover, the debt ceiling might force governments to shut down temporarily. In 2013, debt ceiling caused the governments to close down and 800,000 employees were unemployed for morethan 2 weeks. This would have a negative impact on the US economy.
IV. Treasury yield shot up
Both A share and HK market rose.A-share cyclical stocks stopped falling while liquor stocks corrected after the rally on Monday. HK tech stocks rallied. The US stocks fell sharply as 10-year treasury yield went up to 1.53%. Tech stocks fell the most. The US dollar index rose above 93, the first time from November last year.
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