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滯漲--但愿它只是個(gè)魅影
來源:楓瑞資產(chǎn) 楓瑞視點(diǎn)
日期:2021-07-23

滯漲的魅影。美國10年期國債收益率近期創(chuàng)出5個(gè)月新低,其中一部分原因是投資人擔(dān)心經(jīng)濟(jì)回落。同時(shí),美國6月份消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)同比上漲5.4%,繼5月份數(shù)據(jù)后再次超出市場預(yù)期。經(jīng)濟(jì)回落疊加通脹上漲讓人聯(lián)想起上世紀(jì)70年代美國遭遇的滯漲危機(jī)。當(dāng)時(shí)消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)同比上漲幅度從1974年2月到1975年4月都是雙位數(shù),最高同比漲幅為1975年12月份的12.3%。70年代的滯漲一個(gè)原因是石油供應(yīng)短缺,能源價(jià)格飆升。1973年11月到1975年2月,能源CPI同比上漲幅度驚人,最高漲幅在1974年3月到9月期間超過30%。而GDP同比增速在1974年2季度到1975年2季度連續(xù)4個(gè)季度負(fù)增長。我們認(rèn)為當(dāng)前美國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長狀況良好,雖然明年因今年的高基數(shù),有可能發(fā)生GDP同比增速下降的情況,但是環(huán)比應(yīng)還是保持增長的態(tài)勢。石油價(jià)格有沒有可能成為通脹的推手呢?歐佩克+上周末做出了每日增產(chǎn)40萬桶原油產(chǎn)量的決定,同時(shí)計(jì)劃在2022年9月之前,在市場條件允許的情況下全面取消580萬桶/日的減產(chǎn)份額。歐佩克的減產(chǎn)決議對油價(jià)看似利空,但受經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇帶動(dòng),一些分析師認(rèn)為油價(jià)將會(huì)上漲到80美元每桶。如果油價(jià)保持在高位,在明年的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),美國有可能陷入“類滯脹”。短暫“類滯脹”不會(huì)對市場帶來較大沖擊。但如最后不幸演繹成持續(xù)的滯漲,持有現(xiàn)金是不劃算的,債券和股票也會(huì)遭遇雙殺,只有商品是值得配置的。滯漲,但愿它只是個(gè)魅影。

周四A股小幅上漲,港股大漲。美股連續(xù)第三個(gè)交易日反彈,科技股漲幅領(lǐng)先。一些分析師認(rèn)為從去年10月以來,美股就沒有經(jīng)歷過像樣的調(diào)整,8、9月份有可能會(huì)有調(diào)整的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。野村證券發(fā)表報(bào)告表示,鄭州洪災(zāi)將在短期內(nèi)對商業(yè)活動(dòng)和通脹產(chǎn)生重大影響。但洪災(zāi)一旦結(jié)束被壓抑的消費(fèi)及投資需求將會(huì)得到釋放,特別是對汽車(因當(dāng)?shù)卦S多已損壞)和城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的需求。該行指,降雨和洪水也可能會(huì)在未來數(shù)周略微提高河南和鄰近省份食品價(jià)格。鄭州2020年GDP總量為1.2萬億人民幣(占全國GDP的1.2%),總?cè)丝谶_(dá)1,260萬(占全國人口的0.9%),中國重要的國民經(jīng)濟(jì)樞紐之一。鄭州所在的河南省人口占全國的7%,2020年對全國GDP的貢獻(xiàn)率為5.4%。河南為農(nóng)業(yè)糧食和礦產(chǎn)品(如鋁及煤)的出產(chǎn)地。

The looming stagnation. The US 10-year treasury yield fell to 1.20% earlier this week, a five-month low on the concern that economy growth would lose momentum. Moreover,May CPI in the US rose 5.4% year-on-year (yoy), higher than expected. The combination of a slowing economy and high inflation reminds investors of the stagflation in the 1970s. The monthly CPI rose at double digit from Feb. 1974 to April 1975. And oil price pushed CPI higher, which rose at more than 30% per month from Nov. 1973 to Feb. 1975. The US economy grows well currently. Yet in 2022 it might see negative yoy growth due to the high base this year. OPEC+ reached a deal last weekend to increase oil production by 4 million barrels per day and to lift the restriction of 5.8 million barrels per day in Sept 2022. While this deal hit the oil price hard on Monday, analysts believed that oil prices would reach US$80 per barrel given strong demand and supply shortage. If oil prices can be maintained at high levels, some time in 2022 we might see stagflation in the US. And if it turns into a sustained stagflation, cash, bond and stocks would all suffer. The only asset that can defend inflation is commodity.

A-share rose slightly and HK market rallied. The US stock market continued to rise for the third day in a row. Tech stocks rose the most. The US stock market has not experienced more than 5% correction since last October. Some analysts believed that it would see correction in August or September. Nomura believed that Zhengzhou flood would push up inflation in the short term in Zhengzhou and Henan Province. But it would also help car consumption and boost demand for infrastructure.Henan Province, of which Zhengzhou is the capital, is a key province that provides grain and manufactures aluminum and coal. Henan has a population of 96.4 million, 7% of the total population of China. It contributed 7% of national GDP in 2020. 

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